Personality in Depth
Learn 20 B1 English words for describing personality - ambitious, sensible, down-to-earth, come across as - with a story and a quiz.
At A2 you learned whether somebody is kind or rude. At B1 you learn the harder thing: that the same behaviour can be described in two completely different ways depending on what you think of the person. Determined and stubborn describe identical actions. So do confident and big-headed. This lesson gives you twenty words for that middle ground, including the pair that learners of English confuse more than any other. Then read the reference I spent four evenings failing to write.
20 words to learn
The 20 words
/æmˈbɪʃəs/
Wanting success, money or an important position very much.
He is openly ambitious and does not pretend otherwise.
/dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/
Refusing to stop until you get what you want. The positive version of stubborn.
She was determined to finish it before the deadline.
/ˈsensətɪv/
Easily hurt, or very aware of other people’s feelings. NOT the same as sensible.
He is sensitive about his accent, so be careful.
/ˈsensəbl/
Practical and showing good judgement. NOT the same as sensitive.
Taking the earlier train was the sensible decision.
/ˌiːzi ˈɡəʊɪŋ/
Relaxed, and not easily worried or annoyed.
Her father is so easy-going that nothing surprises him.
/ˌdaʊn tu ˈɜːθ/
Practical and honest, without pretending to be important.
He has won three awards and is completely down-to-earth.
/ˌbɪɡ ˈhedɪd/
Thinking you are much better than you really are. Informal and negative.
Nobody minds confidence; everybody minds somebody big-headed.
/ˈmɒdɪst/
Not talking about how good you are, even when you are good.
She is far too modest about what she achieved.
/ˈbɒsi/
Always telling other people what to do. Negative.
He can be bossy with the younger staff.
/ˈlɔɪəl/
Always supporting your friends, family or team.
He was the most loyal person on that team.
/ˈmuːdi/
Changing quickly from happy to unhappy, often for no reason.
He is moody on Mondays and fine by Wednesday.
/ˈθɔːtfl/
Thinking about what other people need. Also: quiet and thinking deeply.
It was a very thoughtful thing to do.
/kənˈsɪdərət/
Careful not to cause problems for other people.
He is considerate about noise, unlike the flat above.
/ˌəʊpən ˈmaɪndɪd/
Willing to listen to new ideas and different opinions.
You have to be open-minded to work in a team like that.
/ˌself ˈkɒnʃəs/
Worried about what other people think of you.
She is self-conscious about her English for no reason at all.
/streŋθ/
Something you are good at. From the adjective strong.
Name one strength and one weakness.
/ˈwiːknəs/
Something you are not good at. From the adjective weak.
A reference with no weakness in it is worth nothing.
/ˈætɪtjuːd/
The way you think and feel about something, shown in how you act.
His attitude to the work was the best I have managed.
/bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/
The way somebody acts. Uncountable. Americans write behavior.
His behaviour in meetings was another matter.
/kʌm əˈkrɒs əz/
To give people a particular impression, often without meaning to.
Confidence can come across as arrogance.
Now read the story
Story · all 20 words
The Reference
Last March somebody I used to manage asked me to write him a reference. I said yes immediately, and then spent four evenings failing to write it.
The problem was not that Karim had been bad at his job. The problem was that every true thing about him needed a second sentence.
He is ambitious – visibly, unapologetically ambitious, in a way that made two people in that office uncomfortable. He wanted my job within about six weeks of arriving and made no serious attempt to hide it. That is a strength. It is also exactly why those two people found him difficult.
He is determined. Once he decided something was worth doing he would not let go of it, which twice rescued a project everybody else had quietly abandoned, and which once meant we spent nine days on something that did not matter at all.
He is not modest, and I want to be fair about this: he is not big-headed either, which is a different thing entirely. He simply knows what he is good at and says so out loud, and in most offices that comes across as arrogance far more often than it deserves to.
He is sensible about decisions and sensitive about criticism, and those two words are worth keeping apart. He made careful, practical choices under pressure all year. He also took one small correction personally and was quiet for most of a Tuesday.
What I could not fit into a reference was November. A junior colleague made a genuinely serious mistake, and Karim stood in my office and argued for twenty minutes that it was partly his own fault – which was not true, and which he knew was not true. He is the most loyal person I have managed.
He was moody on Mondays. He could be bossy with people younger than him at eleven in the morning and completely considerate with the same people by one. He was thoughtful in the original sense – he noticed things, and remembered them – and oddly self-conscious about his English, which was better than he ever believed.
His attitude to the work was the best I have seen in nine years. His behaviour in meetings was, on three occasions, the worst.
In the end I wrote four paragraphs and sent them to him before I sent them to anybody else, which I have never done for another person. I told him I had included one weakness, because a reference with none in it is worth nothing, and that he should tell me if he thought it was unfair.
He replied in eleven minutes: “Add that I interrupt people. You were being kind.” That single sentence told the reader more than my four paragraphs had. He is open-minded enough to hear it and down-to-earth enough to say it first.
He got the job. He is not an easy-going man and he will not be an easy colleague. He will be an extremely good one. I said so, and eighteen months later they have promoted him twice.
At B1 the examiner is not checking whether you know a word for the idea. She is checking whether you know the better word. Here is what to stop saying and what to say instead.
| He is very good at his job. | He is capable / talented. |
| She is very sure of herself. | She is confident – or big-headed. |
| He never changes his mind. | He is determined – or stubborn. |
| She is very nice to other people. | She is considerate / thoughtful. |
| He is relaxed about everything. | He is easy-going. |
| She is famous but normal. | She is down-to-earth. |
| a good thing about him | a strength |
| a bad thing about him | a weakness |
| People think he is rude. | He comes across as rude. |
Sensitive or sensible? This is the most confused pair in English, because in a great many languages the word that looks like sensible actually means sensitive.
sensitive = easily hurt, or aware of feelings. He is sensitive about his weight.
sensible = practical, showing good judgement. Wear a coat – be sensible.
Test yourself: She made a ______ decision is sensible. Do not joke about it, he is very ______ is sensitive.
The same behaviour, two different words. This is the real B1 skill. Which one you choose tells the listener what you think:
determined (good) ↔ stubborn (bad)
confident (good) ↔ big-headed (bad)
careful (good) ↔ fussy (bad)
generous (good) ↔ extravagant (bad)
relaxed (good) ↔ lazy (bad)
In an exam, using the positive one and then the negative one about the same person shows real control of the language.
Compound adjectives take hyphens and never change form: easy-going, down-to-earth, open-minded, big-headed, self-conscious, hard-working, well-known, absent-minded. Say two easy-going people, never two easy-goings.
Word families. B1 is where you start needing the noun as well as the adjective:
strong → strength · weak → weakness · kind → kindness · honest → honesty · patient → patience · confident → confidence · behave → behaviour
Prepositions: sensitive about something, ambitious for somebody, loyal to somebody, your attitude to or towards something, come across as something.
Ambition and drive: ambitious, determined, modest, big-headed.
How easy they are to be with: easy-going, down-to-earth, moody, bossy, considerate, thoughtful.
Inside: sensitive, sensible, self-conscious, open-minded, loyal.
The abstract nouns: strength, weakness, attitude, behaviour.
The phrase: come across as.
Now do the exam task properly. Describe somebody you know well in five sentences, and include one thing that is both a strength and a weakness. That last sentence is the one that gets the marks.
Now practise with the questions below.
Check your understanding
Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.
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