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B1 (Intermediate)Vocabulary

Emotions, Moods and Reactions

Learn 20 B1 English words for emotions - overwhelmed, frustrated, reassure, cheer up, get over - with a story and a quiz.

A2 gave you happy, sad, annoyed and relieved. B1 gives you the words for the states in between, which is where most of real life happens: overwhelmed, frustrated, reluctant, content. It also gives you the verbs for what other people do about it – you reassure somebody, you calm them down, and eventually they get over it. Learn the twenty, then read about the week I could not answer a simple question.

20 words to learn

The 20 words

overwhelmedadjective

/ˌəʊvəˈwelmd/

Feeling that there is far too much to deal with.

I was overwhelmed rather than unhappy.

frustratedadjective

/frʌˈstreɪtɪd/

Annoyed because you cannot do or change something.

He gets frustrated when people will not listen.

anxiousadjective

/ˈæŋkʃəs/

Worried and nervous, often about something that has not happened.

She felt anxious for a week before the interview.

contentadjective

/kənˈtent/

Quietly happy with what you have. Stress on the second part.

He is not excited about it – he is content, which is better.

reluctantadjective

/rɪˈlʌktənt/

Not wanting to do something, but perhaps doing it anyway.

I was reluctant to ask for help.

thrilledadjective

/θrɪld/

Extremely pleased. Much stronger than happy.

She was thrilled with the result.

proudadjective

/praʊd/

Pleased about something you or somebody close to you achieved.

I am proud of how she handled it.

miserableadjective

/ˈmɪzrəbl/

Very unhappy, usually for a long period.

Three weeks of rain made everybody miserable.

furiousadjective

/ˈfjʊəriəs/

Extremely angry. Much stronger than annoyed.

He was absolutely furious and said nothing at all.

astonishedadjective

/əˈstɒnɪʃt/

Very surprised indeed.

We were astonished that she agreed.

fed upadjective

/ˌfed ˈʌp/

Tired of a situation and wanting it to change. Informal. Always fed up with.

I am fed up with apologising for it.

reassureverb

/ˌriːəˈʃɔː(r)/

To say something that makes somebody feel less worried.

She reassured me twice and I believed her once.

calm downverb

/kɑːm ˈdaʊn/

To become less angry or upset, or to make somebody so.

Give him an hour to calm down.

cheer upverb

/tʃɪər ˈʌp/

To become happier, or to make somebody happier.

I took her out to cheer her up.

get oververb

/ɡet ˈəʊvə(r)/

To recover from something bad: an illness, a shock, a person.

It took him a year to get over it.

hideverb

/haɪd/

To keep a feeling secret. Past: hid, hidden.

He could not hide his disappointment.

admitverb

/ədˈmɪt/

To agree that something is true, especially something difficult.

I had to admit that I was struggling.

moodnoun

/muːd/

The way you feel at a particular time. In a good/bad mood.

Do not ask him now – he is in a terrible mood.

tempernoun

/ˈtempə(r)/

How easily you become angry. Lose your temper = become angry.

He has a short temper and he knows it.

cope withverb

/ˈkəʊp wɪð/

To deal successfully with a difficult situation.

Nobody teaches you how to cope with that.

Now read the story

Story · all 20 words

How Are You?

For about a week in the autumn I could not answer the simplest question in the language. People said “how are you?” and I stood there like somebody being asked to do mental arithmetic.

Nothing bad had happened. That was the confusing part. I was not miserable and I was certainly not depressed – I have seen what that looks like in other people and this was not it. I was overwhelmed, which is a completely different thing, and which I did not have the word for at the time.

There were four things happening at once, and not one of them was a disaster. A deadline that had moved twice. A sick relative two hours away. A flat with a problem the landlord would not deal with. And a course I had signed up for in a moment of confidence in July and was now supposed to be studying for. Any one of those is a Tuesday. All four together is something else.

I got frustrated at things that did not deserve it. I lost my temper with a machine in a car park, out loud, in front of a family. I was anxious in the mornings in a way I had not been since I was nineteen, about nothing I could name.

And I managed to hide all of it, extremely competently, for six days.

What ended it was my sister, who telephoned on the Sunday and asked how I was, and then – when I said fine – simply did not say anything. She left about nine seconds of silence on the line. I have thought since that this is the most useful thing anybody has ever done for me, and it cost her nothing.

So I admitted it. Badly, in the wrong order, and at some length. She did not try to solve anything, which I had been dreading. She did not tell me to calm down, which would have made me furious. She just reassured me that four things at once is genuinely a lot, and that I was not failing at something other people find easy.

Then she said the thing I actually needed: “You do not have to cope with all of it this week.”

We made a list on the phone. Two of the four could wait until November and one of them was not even mine to solve. That took about eleven minutes and I had been carrying it for a month and a half.

I was astonished at how quickly the feeling lifted once it had a shape. Not gone – it took another fortnight to properly get over – but manageable. My mood was better by the Wednesday. I stopped being fed up with myself, which had been half the problem.

A friend took me out on the Friday specifically to cheer me up, and I was reluctant to go and went anyway and stayed four hours.

The course was the thing I nearly dropped. I did not, and I finished it in March, and my mother was so thrilled that she told the neighbours. I am quietly proud of it – not of the certificate, but of the fact that the version of me from that October did not quit.

I am not content all the time. Nobody is, whatever they post. But I have learned the difference between a bad week and a bad life, and I have learned that nine seconds of silence from somebody who loves you is worth more than any advice.

Upgrade your English

Every one of these upgrades replaces very plus a weak word with one strong word. Examiners notice this immediately, and it is the fastest improvement available to you at B1.

very angry furious
very surprised astonished
very happy about news thrilled / delighted
very unhappy for a long time miserable
very tired of a situation fed up with it
I have too much to do. I am overwhelmed.
I am worried about the future. I feel anxious.
I did not want to, but I did. I was reluctant.
He became normal again after the shock. He got over it.
She said things so I worried less. She reassured me.
Tutor tip

Strong adjectives do not take very. This is a real rule, not a style preference. Words like furious, astonished, thrilled, exhausted, terrified and enormous already contain the idea of “very”:

very furious   ✗ very astonished   ✗ very exhausted

To make them stronger, use absolutely, completely or utterly instead:

absolutely furious   ✓ completely exhausted   ✓ absolutely thrilled

And the reverse: you cannot say absolutely angry or absolutely tired, because those are ordinary adjectives. Ordinary adjectives take very; strong adjectives take absolutely.

Fed up always takes with: I am fed up with the noise, never fed up from or fed up of in careful English.

Content has two pronunciations and two meanings:

con-TENT (adjective) = quietly happy: She is content.
CON-tent (noun) = what is inside something: the content of the lesson.

Same pattern as record and present in the earlier lessons – noun on the first syllable, the other word on the second.

Three phrasal verbs and how they split: cheer somebody up and calm somebody down are separable, and with a pronoun they must split – cheer her up, never cheer up her. But get over is inseparable: he got over it, never he got it over.

Temper is not the same as mood. Your mood is how you feel today; your temper is how easily you get angry in general. So he is in a bad mood is temporary, and he has a bad temper is permanent – and much less polite.

Quick recap

Too much: overwhelmed, anxious, frustrated, fed up with, miserable.
Strong feelings: furious, thrilled, astonished, proud.
Quieter feelings: content, reluctant.
What people do about it: reassure, calm down, cheer up, get over, cope with.
What you do about it: hide, admit, mood, temper.

Try the exam task: describe a difficult week without using the words happy, sad, good or bad even once. Five sentences. It is harder than it sounds and it is exactly the skill being tested.

Now practise with the questions below.

Check your understanding

Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.

1.Which sentence is correct?
Strong adjectives take <em>absolutely</em>, not <em>very</em>.
2.Which sentence is correct?
Ordinary adjectives take <em>very</em>. Use <em>exhausted</em> if you want the strong version.
3.You have far too much to deal with. You feel ___.
Overwhelmed - and it is not the same as unhappy.
4.Annoyed because you cannot change something means you are ___.
Frustrated.
5.Choose the correct preposition: I am fed up ___ the noise.
fed up WITH something.
6.Which sentence is correct?
Separable, and a pronoun must go in the middle.
7.Which sentence is correct?
Get over is inseparable.
8.“He is in a bad mood” means ___.
Mood is temporary. <em>A bad temper</em> is permanent.
9.Where is the stress in <strong>content</strong> meaning <em>quietly happy</em>?
con-TENT for the adjective; CON-tent for the noun.
10.Not wanting to do something but perhaps doing it anyway means you are ___.
Reluctant.
11.To say something that makes somebody worry less is to ___ them.
Reassure.
12.To deal successfully with a difficult situation is to ___ it.
Cope with. (Get over = recover afterwards.)
13.What is the strong version of <em>surprised</em>?
Astonished.
14.To agree that something difficult is true is to ___ it.
Admit.
15.Which answer would score highest in a B1 speaking exam?
Precise adjectives instead of <em>very</em> plus a weak word is the fastest way to raise a B1 score.

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