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B1 (Intermediate)Vocabulary

Food, Diet and Eating Habits

Learn 20 B1 English words for food and diet - bland, filling, ripe, go off, cut down on, leftovers - with a story and a quiz.

A2 taught you the names of food. B1 asks you to have an opinion about it. That means adjectives that describe how something actually tastes (bland, filling, ripe), the verbs for what people do about their eating (cut down on, put on weight, eat out), and the countable-uncountable rules that catch out almost every learner in the shop. Twenty words, then the story of the year I learned to cook at thirty-one.

20 words to learn

The 20 words

dietnoun

/ˈdaɪət/

Everything you normally eat – not only for losing weight.

A Mediterranean diet is high in olive oil.

balancedadjective

/ˈbælənst/

Containing the right mix of different foods.

She eats a balanced diet without thinking about it.

nutritiousadjective

/njuːˈtrɪʃəs/

Full of the substances your body needs.

Lentils are cheap and extremely nutritious.

ingredientnoun

/ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/

One of the foods you use to make a dish.

It only has five ingredients.

recipenoun

/ˈresəpi/

Instructions for cooking something. Note: RES-uh-pee.

I use my grandmother’s recipe.

flavournoun

/ˈfleɪvə(r)/

The taste of a food. British spelling with -our.

It has almost no flavour without salt.

blandadjective

/blænd/

Having very little taste. Usually a criticism.

The soup was warm but completely bland.

fillingadjective

/ˈfɪlɪŋ/

Making you feel full quickly.

Rice is cheap and very filling.

rawadjective

/rɔː/

Not cooked.

Do not eat raw chicken under any circumstances.

ripeadjective

/raɪp/

Ready to eat – used for fruit and vegetables.

Wait two days until they are ripe.

go offverb

/ɡəʊ ˈɒf/

To become too old to eat. British English.

Milk will go off in this weather.

leftoversnoun

/ˈleftəʊvəz/

Food remaining after a meal. Always plural.

I take the leftovers to work.

portionnoun

/ˈpɔːʃn/

The amount of food for one person.

The portions there are enormous.

cut down onverb

/kʌt ˈdaʊn ɒn/

To reduce the amount of something you eat or do.

I am trying to cut down on sugar.

put on weightverb

/pʊt ɒn ˈweɪt/

To become heavier. Opposite: lose weight.

I put on weight every December.

eat outverb

/iːt ˈaʊt/

To eat in a restaurant rather than at home.

We only eat out on birthdays.

takeawaynoun

/ˈteɪkəweɪ/

A meal you buy and take home. American: takeout.

Friday was always a takeaway.

fussyadjective

/ˈfʌsi/

Difficult to please, especially about food.

He is a fussy eater and always has been.

starvingadjective

/ˈstɑːvɪŋ/

Extremely hungry. Informal exaggeration.

I am absolutely starving.

cravingnoun

/ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

A very strong wish for a particular food. A craving for.

I had a sudden craving for something salty.

Now read the story

Story · all 20 words

Thirty-One and Boiling Water

I could not cook at thirty-one. Not “could not cook well” – could not cook. I could make toast, and I could make pasta in the sense that I could put pasta into water and wait.

For most of my twenties Friday was a takeaway, Saturday was the same takeaway, and the rest of the week was whatever was on offer at the shop on the corner at nine in the evening. I did not eat out much – restaurants were for other people with other salaries – so it was mostly plastic containers on my lap.

I did not put on weight, which I took at the time as evidence that everything was fine. It is not evidence of anything. I was twenty-four and had the metabolism of a small furnace, and my diet was, in the proper sense of that word, appalling.

What changed was a flatmate called Priya who was not remotely preachy about it and simply cooked, loudly, four nights a week, in a kitchen I also had to stand in.

The first thing she taught me was that a recipe is not a test you can fail. I had genuinely believed you needed eleven ingredients and a shop I could not afford. She showed me a dal that had six, all of which cost under four pounds together, and which was more filling than anything I had eaten from a plastic container in six years.

The second thing took longer. My cooking, for about four months, was reliably bland. Everything I made tasted of warm nothing. I assumed I was missing some expensive flavour that professionals had access to.

It was salt. It was almost entirely salt, and to a lesser extent the fact that I was frightened of heat and cooked everything until it apologised.

The third thing was shopping, and this is where I had been wasting real money. I did not know what ripe looked like. I bought avocados like bricks and then let them go off on the windowsill in a sort of quiet standoff. I bought portions for a family of four because the bigger bag was better value, and then threw a third of it away on Sunday nights.

Priya’s rule was that leftovers are not sad. Leftovers are tomorrow’s lunch and they are free. I had been treating them as evidence of failure and putting them in the bin.

I would like to say I became someone with a perfectly balanced and nutritious life at that point. I did not. I still get a craving for chips at eleven at night roughly once a fortnight and I still act on it.

But I did cut down on the corner shop, mostly by accident, because cooking turned out to be faster than waiting for a delivery.

The odd result is that I became less fussy, not more. When you have cooked something yourself you are far more interested in what it tastes like and far less interested in whether it is the thing you always order. I eat things now – raw fennel, anchovies, proper mustard – that twenty-four-year-old me would have pushed to the side of the plate.

Priya moved to Bristol in the spring. She left me a handwritten card with the dal on it, which is in a frame in my kitchen and which I have never once needed to read, because I have made it perhaps four hundred times.

I make it when I get home late and I am starving and I want something in twenty minutes. It has six ingredients. It is the single most useful thing anybody has ever taught me, and she taught it to me because I was standing in the way of the fridge.

Upgrade your English

Food is where B1 candidates most often fall back on nice, good and very. Each row below is a precise word doing the work of a whole phrase.

It did not have much taste. It was bland.
It makes you feel full quickly. It is very filling.
The fruit is ready to eat now. The fruit is ripe.
The milk became bad. The milk went off.
the food we did not finish the leftovers
I am eating less sugar than before. I am cutting down on sugar.
We had dinner in a restaurant. We ate out.
He does not like many foods. He is a fussy eater.
I really want something sweet. I have a craving for something sweet.
I am very very hungry. I am starving.
Tutor tip

Food nouns and the countable trap. This produces more errors in the supermarket than anywhere else in English. Most raw materials are uncountable and take no a and no plural:

a bread   ✓ some bread, a loaf of bread, a slice of bread
a rice   ✓ some rice, a bowl of rice
informations about the meat   ✓ some meat, a piece of meat

Fruit is the one that catches everybody: it is normally uncountable. I eat a lot of fruit, not a lot of fruits. You can say fruits only when you mean different types, in a slightly scientific way.

The café exception: in a shop, English speakers do count drinks – two coffees, please, three teas. This means two cups of coffee. It is correct, and it is the only place this happens.

Diet does not mean losing weight. In English, your diet is simply everything you normally eat. The Japanese diet contains a lot of fish says nothing about weight. If you mean the weight-loss sense you must say on a diet: I am on a diet.

Flavour, taste and smell. Flavour is the quality a food has: a strong flavour. Taste is both a noun and a verb: it tastes of lemon. Note the preposition – things taste of something, and smell of something, but taste like another thing: it tastes of garlic but it tastes like chicken.

Go off is British and means food has spoiled. In American English you would say go bad. Do not confuse it with go off meaning an alarm ringing – context does all the work.

Delicious and starving are strong adjectives (the rule from lesson 264). Say absolutely delicious and absolutely starving, never very delicious.

Spelling: British English writes flavour, savoury and fibre. Cambridge accepts American spellings, but not a mixture in the same piece of writing.

Quick recap

How it tastes: flavour, bland, filling, ripe, raw.
How you eat: diet, balanced, nutritious, portion, fussy, starving, craving.
What you do: cut down on, put on weight, eat out, go off.
In the kitchen: ingredient, recipe, leftovers, takeaway.

Remember: bread, rice, meat and fruit are uncountable – but two coffees is correct in a café.

Exam task: describe a dish somebody taught you to make. Name three ingredients, say whether it is filling, and say one thing you have cut down on since. No use of the word nice.

Now practise with the questions below.

Check your understanding

Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.

1.Which sentence is correct?
Fruit is normally uncountable in everyday English.
2.Which sentence is correct?
Bread is uncountable. Use <em>some bread</em> or <em>a loaf/slice of bread</em>.
3.Which is correct in a café?
The café exception - counting drinks is normal and correct.
4.“The Japanese diet contains a lot of fish” means ___.
<em>Diet</em> = everything you normally eat. Only <em>on a diet</em> means losing weight.
5.Food with very little taste is ___.
Bland.
6.Fruit that is ready to eat is ___.
Ripe. (Raw just means not cooked.)
7.In British English, milk that is too old has ___.
Gone off. Americans say <em>gone bad</em>.
8.Food remaining after a meal is called ___.
Leftovers - always plural.
9.Which sentence is correct?
Cut down ON something.
10.Which sentence is correct?
Taste OF a flavour; taste LIKE another thing.
11.Which sentence is correct?
Delicious is a strong adjective - it takes <em>absolutely</em>, not <em>very</em>.
12.A person who is difficult to please about food is ___.
Fussy.
13.A very strong wish for a particular food is a ___.
A craving - and it takes <em>for</em>: a craving for chocolate.
14.Food that makes you feel full quickly is ___.
Filling. (Nutritious is about what your body needs, which is not the same thing.)
15.Which answer would score highest in a B1 speaking exam?
Two precise adjectives and a reason. That is exactly the range examiners reward.

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