EduCareer

B1 (Intermediate)Vocabulary

Work, Careers and Ambition

Learn 20 B1 English words for careers - vacancy, applicant, promotion, resign, redundant, self-employed - plus work vs job and work in/for/as.

This lesson is about the shape of a working life rather than a single day at work: getting in, moving up, and leaving. It also fixes the two errors that make a candidate sound A2 no matter how good the rest of the answer is. The first is that work has no plural and job does. The second is the three prepositions – you work in a bank, for a company, as a nurse – and mixing them up is instantly audible. Twenty words, then eleven years and a cardboard box.

20 words to learn

The 20 words

careernoun

/kəˈrɪə(r)/

Your working life over many years, in one field.

She has had an unusually straight career.

professionnoun

/prəˈfeʃn/

A job needing long training and qualifications.

Teaching is a profession, not a job.

vacancynoun

/ˈveɪkənsi/

A job that is available and needs filling.

There were four vacancies and ninety applicants.

CVnoun

/ˌsiː ˈviː/

The document listing your education and jobs. American: résumé.

My CV was two pages of almost nothing.

applicantnoun

/ˈæplɪkənt/

A person who applies for a job. The job is an application.

Every applicant had more experience than me.

employernoun

/ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/

The company or person who pays you.

My employer paid for the whole course.

employeenoun

/ɪmˈplɔɪː/

A person who works for a company. Stress: em-ploy-EE.

They had four hundred employees in that building.

take onverb

/teɪk ˈɒn/

To employ somebody new. Also: accept extra work.

They were not taking on anybody that year.

permanentadjective

/ˈpɜːmənənt/

With no end date. Opposite of temporary.

It took six years to get a permanent contract.

temporaryadjective

/ˈtemprəri/

For a limited period only. Informal short form: temp.

I took a temporary job that lasted nine years.

full-timeadjective

/ˌfʊl ˈtaɪm/

Working the standard number of hours, usually 35-40.

She went back full-time in September.

part-timeadjective

/ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/

Working fewer than the standard hours.

Two part-time jobs is not one full-time job.

promotionnoun

/prəˈməʊʃn/

A move to a more senior position. Verb: get promoted.

The promotion came with more work and little else.

work your way upverb

/wɜːk jɔː weɪ ˈʌp/

To rise gradually from a junior position.

You can still work your way up there.

trainingnoun

/ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

Learning the skills for a job. Uncountable.

The training was three days and mostly fire safety.

resignverb

/rɪˈzaɪn/

To leave a job by choice. Silent g.

He resigned in the middle of a Tuesday.

hand in your noticeverb

/hænd ɪn jɔː ˈnəʊtɪs/

To tell your employer formally that you are leaving.

There is a right way to hand in your notice.

redundantadjective

/rɪˈdʌndənt/

Having lost your job because it no longer exists. Be made redundant.

Forty of us were made redundant on the same morning.

self-employedadjective

/ˌself ɪmˈplɔɪd/

Working for yourself rather than for a company.

I have been self-employed ever since.

retireverb

/rɪˈtaɪə(r)/

To stop working permanently, usually because of age.

He is due to retire next March.

Now read the story

Story · all 20 words

Eleven Years and a Cardboard Box

I was made redundant on a Thursday morning in an office I had worked in for eleven years, along with thirty-nine other people, in a meeting that lasted eleven minutes.

The thing nobody prepares you for is that being made redundant is not the same as being sacked, and everybody in the room knows this, and it does not help at all in the car park.

I had joined at twenty-four on a temporary contract covering somebody’s maternity leave. It was meant to be five months. My CV at that point had one relevant line on it and a great deal of white space, and I was, I now understand, the cheapest applicant on a list of about sixty.

They kept me on. Then they kept me on again. It took four years and two restructures before anybody gave me a permanent contract, and by then I had stopped asking, which is possibly why I got it.

That was a place where you really could work your way up, which is rarer now than it was. My first promotion came at twenty-eight and involved managing two people, one of whom was eleven years older than me and considerably better at the job. My second came at thirty-three. The training for both was, in total, one afternoon.

I was not ambitious in any way I would have recognised at the time. I simply did not leave, and staying turned out to be a strategy.

By thirty-five I was running a team of nine and had become the person who knew where everything was, which is a real form of power and completely invisible on a CV.

Then the company was bought, and the new employer already had a department doing what my department did, in Reading, more cheaply.

They were decent about it, as these things go – proper notice, proper money, and a woman from HR who had clearly done this many times and was kind in a practised way. But there is a specific feeling that comes with carrying a cardboard box past people who still have jobs, and I would not wish it on anybody.

I was forty-one and I had never once had to look for work as an adult. My entire career was a series of things that had happened to me in the same building.

I applied for eleven jobs in four months. I got two interviews. In one of them a man of about thirty asked me why I had stayed somewhere for eleven years, in a tone suggesting it was a symptom rather than an achievement, and I did not have a good answer ready and I have had one ever since.

What actually saved me was somebody I had trained in 2011, who had left to go self-employed and rang to ask whether I would do three days a week for her on a part-time basis while she was too busy to breathe.

It was supposed to be temporary. It has been six years.

I never went back to being an employee. I invoice four different companies now, none of which would ever have taken me on as a full-time permanent member of staff at forty-one, and all of which are perfectly happy to pay me by the day at forty-seven.

I would not have chosen it. I did not resign, I was not brave, and there was no moment where I decided to hand in your notice and strike out alone – that story is always told by people it worked out for, and I was pushed.

But I earn more than I did, I have never once been to a meeting about a meeting, and I no longer belong to a profession so much as to about nine people who call me when something breaks.

I have no idea when I will retire. There is no vacancy to leave behind and nobody will hand me a card. That frightened me for about two years and now it does not.

Upgrade your English

Careers questions are guaranteed in Cambridge speaking papers. The right-hand column is what a B1-level answer sounds like.

a job that is free for someone to take a vacancy
a person who asks for the job an applicant
the company I work for my employer
They gave me a better position. I got a promotion.
I started low and slowly rose. I worked my way up.
They gave me a job. They took me on.
I left the job because I wanted to. I resigned.
I lost my job because it no longer existed. I was made redundant.
I work for myself. I am self-employed.
a job with no end date a permanent contract
Tutor tip

Work is uncountable. Job is countable. This is the most common error in the whole topic:

I have a good work.   ✓ I have a good job.
I am looking for a work.   ✓ I am looking for work or for a job.
I have many works to do.   ✓ I have a lot of work to do.

And never make a work. You do work, or you have a job.

The three prepositions. Learn these as a set, because using the wrong one is very noticeable:

work in + a place or sector: I work in a bank, in marketing
work for + a company or person: I work for Siemens
work as + your job title: I work as an engineer
work on + a project: I am working on a report
work with + people or materials: I work with children

Job, career or profession? A job is one position at one company. A career is your whole working life in a field. A profession is a type of work requiring long training – medicine, law, teaching, engineering. So: she left her job at the hospital, but she never left the profession.

Redundant is a false friend. In English, being made redundant means your position was removed – usually for money reasons – and it carries no suggestion that you were bad at it. It is completely different from being sacked or fired, which is for poor performance or misconduct. British speakers are careful about this distinction and you should be too. The noun is redundancy.

Two silent letters: resign is /rɪˈzaɪn/ – the g is silent. But in the noun resignation the g comes back: /ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃn/.

Employer or employee? The -er gives the job; the -ee receives it. Same pattern as trainer/trainee and interviewer/interviewee. The stress on employee is at the end: em-ploy-EE.

Training is uncountablesome training, never a training or trainings. The countable word is a training course.

Quick recap

Getting in: vacancy, CV, applicant, take on, training.
The contract: permanent, temporary, full-time, part-time, employer, employee.
Moving up: promotion, work your way up, career, profession.
Moving on: resign, hand in your notice, redundant, self-employed, retire.

The two that decide your grade: a job but some work; and work in a bank, for a company, as a nurse.

Exam task: describe your working life so far in five sentences. Use work as, work for, and either promotion or work your way up. Do not use the word work with a in front of it.

Now practise with the questions below.

Check your understanding

Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.

1.Which sentence is correct?
<em>Work</em> is uncountable; <em>job</em> is countable.
2.Which sentence is correct?
Work has no plural.
3.Choose the correct preposition: I work ___ a bank.
Work IN a place or sector.
4.Choose the correct preposition: I work ___ Siemens.
Work FOR a company.
5.Choose the correct preposition: I work ___ an engineer.
Work AS + your job title.
6.Being <strong>made redundant</strong> means ___.
It says nothing about your performance - unlike being sacked.
7.To leave a job by your own choice is to ___.
Resign - and the <em>g</em> is silent.
8.How is <strong>resign</strong> pronounced?
Silent <em>g</em> - though it returns in <em>resignation</em>.
9.The person who receives the job is the ___.
-er gives, -ee receives. Same as trainer/trainee.
10.A job that is available and needs filling is a ___.
A vacancy.
11.Which sentence is correct?
Training is uncountable. <em>A training course</em> is the countable form.
12.To rise gradually from a junior position is to ___.
Work your way up.
13.A job needing long training and qualifications is a ___.
A profession - medicine, law, teaching.
14.To employ somebody new is to ___ them.
Take on.
15.Which answer would score highest in a B1 speaking exam?
Correct <em>as</em> and <em>for</em>, correct countability, plus a phrasal verb. That is a solid B1 answer.

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