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B1 (Intermediate)Vocabulary

Health, Fitness and Well-being

Learn 20 B1 English words for health and fitness - stamina, injury, come down with, run down, painkiller - plus do/play/go with sports.

Two things separate B1 from A2 here. The first is that you can now talk about health when nothing dramatic is wrong – run down, stress, well-being, stamina. The second is that you finally get the sport verbs right, because make sport is one of the most common errors in the world and English uses three different verbs where your language probably uses one. Twenty words, then the story of the winter I ran too much.

20 words to learn

The 20 words

well-beingnoun

/ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/

General health and happiness together.

The company talks a great deal about well-being.

fitnessnoun

/ˈfɪtnəs/

The condition of being physically strong and healthy.

My fitness improved faster than I expected.

staminanoun

/ˈstæmɪnə/

The ability to keep going for a long time without tiring.

Swimming builds stamina better than anything.

keep fitverb

/kiːp ˈfɪt/

To stay in good physical condition.

She walks everywhere to keep fit.

warm upverb

/wɔːm ˈʌp/

To do gentle exercise before harder exercise.

Always warm up for five minutes first.

injurynoun

/ˈɪndʒəri/

Physical damage to your body. Verb: injure.

He has been out with an injury since March.

sprainverb

/spreɪn/

To damage a joint by twisting it – ankle, wrist, knee.

I sprained my ankle on the stairs.

recoververb

/rɪˈkʌvə(r)/

To become healthy again. Recover from something.

It took six weeks to recover.

come down withverb

/kʌm ˈdaʊn wɪð/

To start to have an illness, usually a mild one.

I think I am coming down with something.

symptomnoun

/ˈsɪmptəm/

A sign that you have an illness.

The main symptom was a headache that would not go.

GPnoun

/ˌdʒiː ˈpiː/

A general practitioner – your local family doctor in Britain.

I made an appointment with my GP.

check-upnoun

/ˈtʃek ʌp/

A general medical examination when you are not ill.

I go for a check-up once a year.

treatmentnoun

/ˈtriːtmənt/

The medical care given for an illness or injury.

The treatment was mostly rest, annoyingly.

prescriptionnoun

/prɪˈskrɪpʃn/

A note from a doctor that lets you get medicine.

You need a prescription for those.

painkillernoun

/ˈpeɪnkɪlə(r)/

Medicine that reduces pain.

I took a painkiller and went to bed.

run downadjective

/rʌn ˈdaʊn/

Tired and slightly unwell, usually from doing too much.

You look a bit run down.

stressnoun

/stres/

Worry and pressure caused by a difficult situation.

Most of it was stress rather than illness.

exhaustedadjective

/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

Extremely tired. A strong adjective.

I was absolutely exhausted by Thursday.

cut outverb

/kʌt ˈaʊt/

To stop eating, drinking or doing something completely.

I had to cut out coffee after six.

look afterverb

/lʊk ˈɑːftə(r)/

To take care of somebody or something.

You have to look after yourself first.

Now read the story

Story · all 20 words

The Physiotherapist Who Told Me Off

I started running at thirty-eight for the least romantic reason available: I got out of breath carrying a chest of drawers up one flight of stairs, and my brother-in-law, who is nine years older, did not.

The first three weeks were humiliating in the way everybody warns you about and nobody believes until it happens. I could manage about four minutes. My stamina was so poor that I invented reasons to stop – a shoelace, a phone call, a genuinely fascinating cat.

Then it got better, and that was the problem.

By February my fitness had improved enough that I could run for half an hour, and I decided, on no evidence whatsoever, that the correct response was to run every single day. I did not warm up, because warming up was for people with more time. I ran in shoes I had bought in 2016.

In March I began to feel permanently run down. Not ill – I did not come down with anything, I had no symptom you could put a name to. Just grey. I was exhausted by Thursday every week and I put it down to work.

Then I twisted my ankle on a kerb in the rain, and that was that.

It is remarkably easy to sprain an ankle when your legs are too tired to correct a small mistake. That is not bad luck; that is what tiredness is for. The injury itself was minor. What it cost me was eleven weeks.

I went to my GP, who was kind and busy and gave me the sentence I did not want, which was that there is no treatment for this beyond rest. No prescription. A painkiller if I needed one, ice, and time.

Six weeks later, still limping, I paid for a physiotherapist, and she was the one who actually told me off.

She asked how many rest days I had taken between January and March. I said I did not really believe in rest days. She put her pen down, which is never a good sign, and explained that I had not been training – I had been slowly damaging myself and calling it discipline. Rest, she said, is not the gap between the training. Rest is when the training works.

I had been treating my body like something to defeat rather than something to look after.

The recovery plan was embarrassingly gentle. Three runs a week, never on consecutive days. Ten minutes of proper warming up, which I had considered optional and is not. Swimming on Wednesdays, which I hated for a month and now prefer. And she made me cut out the thing I was most attached to, which was checking the pace on my watch, because I could not run slowly while I could see a number.

It took nearly three months to recover properly and I was furious about all of it.

What I did not expect was how much of the grey lifted once the running became sane. A great deal of what I had assumed was stress from work was simply not sleeping enough and running on empty legs. I go for a check-up now, once a year, which I never used to do.

I am slower than I was in that reckless February. I can also still walk, which the February version of me was quietly working towards being unable to do. If well-being means anything useful, I think it means that: not the best week you can produce, but the ninth week in a row you can repeat. I keep fit now. I no longer try to win anything.

Upgrade your English

Health is a topic where A2 vocabulary runs out fast – everything becomes I am tired or I am ill. These replacements are far more precise, and precision is what is being marked.

I am very very tired. I am exhausted.
I am tired and a bit ill. I feel a bit run down.
I think I am getting ill. I think I am coming down with something.
I hurt my ankle by twisting it. I sprained my ankle.
I became healthy again. I recovered.
I stopped drinking coffee completely. I cut out coffee.
I take care of my parents. I look after my parents.
the paper the doctor gives you for medicine a prescription
a medical test when you are not ill a check-up
I can run for a long time without stopping. I have good stamina.
Tutor tip

Never say “make sport”. This is the single most recognisable learner error in English, and it comes straight from the many languages that use a single verb here. English uses three, and which one you need depends on the sport:

PLAY + ball games and games with opponents: play football, play tennis, play chess
GO + activities ending in -ing: go swimming, go running, go cycling, go skiing
DO + everything else, especially individual and indoor activities: do yoga, do karate, do exercise, do athletics

I make sport twice a week.   ✓ I do sport twice a week. / I play football twice a week.

Ache, pain, hurt or sore? Four words, four jobs:

-ache is for four fixed body parts only: headache, toothache, stomach ache, backache. Never a legache.
hurt is the verb for a specific part: my leg hurts, my back hurts.
sore is the adjective for something painful to touch or use: a sore throat, sore feet.
pain is the general noun: I have a pain in my shoulder, she is in a lot of pain.

Hospital takes no article in British English when you mean being treated there: he went to hospital, she is in hospital. Americans say to the hospital. But you always say the doctor’s: I am going to the doctor’s.

Ill or sick? In British English ill is the normal word for unwell, and sick most often means vomiting: I was sick three times. The exception is the fixed phrase off sick = absent from work because of illness.

Recover takes from: she recovered from the operation. And exhausted is a strong adjective, so it takes absolutely, never very.

Quick recap

Staying well: well-being, fitness, stamina, keep fit, warm up, look after.
Going wrong: injury, sprain, come down with, symptom, run down, stress, exhausted.
Getting better: recover, treatment, prescription, painkiller, cut out.
The system: GP, check-up.

The three sport verbs: PLAY football · GO swimming · DO yoga. Never make.

Exam task: describe a time you were unwell or injured. Use come down with or sprain, one symptom, and say how long it took to recover from it.

Now practise with the questions below.

Check your understanding

Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.

1.Which sentence is correct?
English never uses <em>make</em> with sport.
2.Choose the correct verb: I ___ swimming on Wednesdays.
GO + -ing activities: go swimming, go running, go cycling.
3.Choose the correct verb: She ___ yoga every morning.
DO + individual activities without -ing: do yoga, do karate.
4.Choose the correct verb: They ___ football on Saturdays.
PLAY + ball games and games with opponents.
5.Which is correct?
Only headache, toothache, stomach ache and backache exist. For everything else use <em>hurts</em>.
6.Which is correct?
<em>Sore</em> is the adjective for something painful to use or touch.
7.In British English, which is correct?
British English drops the article: <em>to hospital</em>, <em>in hospital</em>.
8.Which sentence is correct?
Recover FROM something.
9.“I think I am coming down with something” means ___.
Come down with = start to have an illness.
10.Feeling tired and slightly unwell from doing too much is feeling ___.
Run down. (Exhausted is only about tiredness.)
11.To damage a joint by twisting it is to ___ it.
Sprain - used for ankles, wrists and knees.
12.The ability to keep going for a long time is ___.
Stamina.
13.In Britain, your local family doctor is called a ___.
GP - general practitioner.
14.Which sentence is correct?
Exhausted is a strong adjective - <em>absolutely</em>, not <em>very</em>.
15.Which answer would score highest in a B1 speaking exam?
Three precise items plus a time reference and the correct preposition after <em>recover</em>.

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