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A2 (Elementary)Vocabulary

Money, Banking and Bills

Learn 20 A2 English words for money and banking - afford, owe, debt, budget, withdraw, exchange rate - with a story and a quiz.

A1 gave you prices. A2 gives you the bank: what you earn, what you owe, what you can afford and what quietly leaves your account every month without asking. Two of these words hide silent letters, and one of them – earn – is confused with win by almost every learner in the world. Learn the 20 words, then read about the Tuesday my card was refused in a supermarket.

20 words to learn

The 20 words

accountnoun

/əˈkaʊnt/

The place the bank keeps your money. A bank account.

I opened a second account for savings.

earnverb

/ɜːn/

To get money for work you do. Not the same as win.

She earns more than she spends, just.

incomenoun

/ˈɪnkʌm/

All the money you receive regularly.

Rent takes a third of my income.

affordverb

/əˈfɔːd/

To have enough money for something. Almost always with can or could.

I could not afford a car and I knew it.

oweverb

/əʊ/

To have to pay money back to somebody. The w is silent: OH.

I owed my brother three hundred dinars.

debtnoun

/det/

Money you owe. The b is silent: DET.

He has no debt at all, which is rare.

loannoun

/ləʊn/

Money the bank lends you, which you pay back with interest.

I have never taken a loan.

interestnoun

/ˈɪntrəst/

Extra money the bank pays you, or charges you, on top.

The interest on that card is frightening.

save upverb

/seɪv ˈʌp/

To keep money over time for a particular thing.

I am saving up for a trip in October.

budgetnoun

/ˈbʌdʒɪt/

A plan for what you will spend. Also a verb.

My budget is three numbers on a piece of paper.

wasteverb

/weɪst/

To use money or time badly, with nothing to show for it.

I wasted a fifth of my income on food I did not need.

direct debitnoun

/dəˌrekt ˈdebɪt/

An automatic payment that leaves your account every month.

A gym was taking money by direct debit for eleven months.

cash machinenoun

/ˈkæʃ məʃiːn/

The machine in the wall that gives you cash. Americans say ATM.

That cash machine charges two dinars.

withdrawverb

/wɪðˈdrɔː/

To take money out of your account. Past: withdrew.

I only withdraw cash once a week now.

transferverb

/trænsˈfɜː(r)/

To move money from one account to another.

I set up an automatic transfer on payday.

currencynoun

/ˈkʌrənsi/

The money of a country: the pound, the dinar, the euro.

Change your currency before you travel, not at the airport.

exchange ratenoun

/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt/

How much one currency is worth in another.

The exchange rate was much better in June.

chargeverb

/tʃɑːdʒ/

To ask somebody to pay an amount.

They charged me two dinars every single time.

brokeadjective

/brəʊk/

Informal: having no money at all right now.

I was not broke – my salary came four days later.

worthadjective

/wɜːθ/

Having a particular value. It is worth ten minutes.

That is worth ten minutes of your attention.

Now read the story

Story · all 20 words

Three Numbers on a Piece of Paper

In my first year of work I earned more money than I had ever had in my life and reached the end of every single month with nothing whatsoever. I could not explain where it had gone, and I found the question embarrassing enough that I simply stopped asking it.

The problem was not the big things. I did not buy a car – I could not afford a car and I was perfectly aware of it. The problem was forty small things that I never once noticed.

It changed on a Tuesday in March, when my card was refused in a supermarket. I was not broke in any serious sense; my salary was arriving four days later. But I stood at that till with eleven items and no way of paying for any of them, and that is a particular kind of quiet you do not forget.

That evening I sat down and did the least exciting thing I have ever done. I opened my account online and read every line of it for three months.

Here is what was there. A gym I had joined in January and visited exactly twice was taking money by direct debit every month and had been for eleven months. Two apps were quietly doing the same. I was using a cash machine that charged me two dinars every time I went to withdraw anything, four or five times a week, purely because it was the closest one to my office. And I had wasted almost a fifth of my income on food bought at the exact moment I was hungriest.

I also rediscovered that I owed my brother three hundred dinars from a holiday two years earlier, a fact he had never once mentioned.

So I built a budget. Not a clever one – three numbers on a piece of paper: what comes in, what has to go out, and what is left. Then I set up an automatic transfer on payday so that a fixed amount moved into a second account before I ever saw it. That one trick did more than every good intention of the previous year put together.

I also started to save up for something specific instead of in general, which turned out to matter enormously. Money for “the future” evaporates. Money for “October, Istanbul” somehow does not.

I paid my brother back in September. I have never taken a loan and I have no debt, which in my generation is either sensible or lucky and is probably mostly lucky. I still do not really understand how interest works when it is in my favour. I understand it perfectly when it is not.

Two things surprised me. The first is that watching the exchange rate for a fortnight before a trip and changing your currency at the right moment can save you a week of food, which is worth ten minutes of anybody’s attention. The second is that once you know exactly where your money goes, you stop feeling guilty about spending it. The guilt was never really about the money. It was about not knowing.

Tutor tip

Earn or win? This is one of the most common mistakes in the language:

earn = get money for work. She earns 2,000 a month.
win = come first in a competition, or get something by luck. He won the match. She won the lottery.

I win 2,000 a month. That sentence tells an English speaker you gamble for a living.

Two silent letters. Both of these words are said much shorter than they look:

debtDET (silent b, like doubt)
oweOH (silent w, like sew)

Afford almost always needs can. You will very rarely see it alone:

I can afford it. I could not afford it. Can you afford to wait?
I afford a new car.

Owe takes two objects: I owe you fifty dinars, or I owe fifty dinars to you. Both are correct; the first is far more common.

Worth is followed by a noun or an -ing verb, never an infinitive: It is worth 50 dinars, It is worth trying – not worth to try.

British and American: cash machine or cashpoint / ATM · current account / checking account · note / bill. Careful with that last one: in Britain a bill is what you have to pay; in America it is also the paper money itself.

Quick recap

Coming in: earn, income, account.
Going out: afford, waste, charge, direct debit, bill.
Owing: owe, debt, loan, interest.
Keeping: save up, budget, worth.
At the bank: withdraw, transfer, cash machine, currency, exchange rate, broke.

Do the exercise from the story: write down three numbers – what comes in each month, what must go out, and what is left. Then say one thing in English that you are saving up for.

Now practise with the questions below.

Check your understanding

Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.

1.Which sentence is correct?
You EARN a salary. You WIN a competition or the lottery.
2.How do you say <strong>debt</strong>?
The b is silent: DET.
3.How do you say <strong>owe</strong>?
The w is silent: OH.
4.Which sentence is correct?
Afford almost always appears with can, could or cannot.
5.Which sentence is correct?
worth + noun or -ing, never an infinitive.
6.An automatic payment that leaves your account every month is a ___.
A direct debit.
7.To take money out of your account is to ___.
Withdraw. Past tense: withdrew.
8.What do Americans call a <strong>cash machine</strong>?
An ATM.
9.Money the bank lends you and you pay back with interest is a ___.
A loan. The debt is what you then owe.
10.A plan for what you will spend is a ___.
A budget.
11.How much one currency is worth in another is the ___.
The exchange rate.
12.All the money you receive regularly is your ___.
Income. A salary is one kind of income.
13.Informally, having no money at all right now means you are ___.
Broke. <em>Broken</em> means something is damaged.
14.Which sentence is correct?
owe + person + amount is the natural order.
15.To keep money over time for one particular thing is to ___.
Save up (for something).

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