EduCareer

A2 (Elementary)Vocabulary

Jobs and Applying for Work

Learn 20 A2 English words for applying for a job - CV, vacancy, experience, qualification, reference, resign - with a story and a quiz.

A1 taught you to name jobs. A2 teaches you to get one: how to read a vacancy, write a CV, describe your experience without making the uncountable-noun mistake everybody makes, and understand whether the contract is permanent or temporary. Learn the 20 words, then read about the forty-one applications I sent in one spring, and the one that worked.

20 words to learn

The 20 words

applyverb

/əˈplaɪ/

To formally ask for a job. Always apply for a job.

I applied for forty-one jobs that spring.

applicationnoun

/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/

The form and documents you send when you apply.

My first application took a whole weekend.

CVnoun

/ˌsiː ˈviː/

The document listing your education and work history. Americans say résumé.

Keep your CV to two pages.

covering letternoun

/ˈkʌvərɪŋ letə(r)/

The letter you send with a CV. Americans say cover letter.

The covering letter matters more than people think.

vacancynoun

/ˈveɪkənsi/

A job that is available. Plural: vacancies.

There were two vacancies and ninety applicants.

experiencenoun

/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/

The work you have done before. Uncountable – never experiences here.

They wanted three years of experience.

qualificationnoun

/ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

An exam or degree you have passed.

My qualifications were fine; my confidence was not.

skillnoun

/skɪl/

Something you can do well because you learned it.

List the skills the advert actually asks for.

candidatenoun

/ˈkændɪdət/

A person who has applied for a job.

They interviewed six candidates.

referencenoun

/ˈrefrəns/

A statement from a previous employer about you.

Ask your old manager before you give her as a reference.

full-timeadjective

/ˌfʊl ˈtaɪm/

Working the whole normal week, about forty hours.

It was my first full-time job.

part-timeadjective

/ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/

Working fewer hours than a full week.

I did two part-time jobs while I studied.

permanentadjective

/ˈpɜːmənənt/

With no end date. The opposite of temporary.

After a year it became permanent.

temporaryadjective

/ˈtemprəri/

Only for a fixed period of time.

The first contract was temporary – six months.

shiftnoun

/ʃɪft/

A period of work, especially when a job runs day and night.

She works the night shift three times a week.

noticenoun

/ˈnəʊtɪs/

The warning period before you leave a job.

I had to give one month’s notice.

promotionnoun

/prəˈməʊʃn/

A move to a more important job in the same company.

She got a promotion after eighteen months.

resignverb

/rɪˈzaɪn/

To leave your job because you choose to. The g is silent.

He resigned on a Tuesday with no plan at all.

firedadjective

/ˈfaɪəd/

Made to leave a job because you did something wrong.

Nobody has ever been fired from that office.

unemployedadjective

/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/

Without a job.

I was unemployed for five months and I learned a lot.

Now read the story

Story · all 20 words

Forty-One

In the spring after I finished university I sent forty-one applications and received four replies. Three of those were no. This is not a sad story, but it did not feel like a happy one at the time.

I was unemployed for five months. I told people I was “looking”, which is a word that covers an enormous amount of sitting in a room.

My first mistake was the CV. Mine was four pages long and contained everything I had ever done, including a fortnight in a shop when I was sixteen. A friend of my mother’s who hires people looked at it for about ten seconds and said: two pages, and put the things they asked for at the top. She also told me that almost nobody reads past the first third, which is either depressing or extremely useful depending on the day.

My second mistake was sending the same covering letter to everybody, changing only the name of the company – and once, memorably, forgetting to change it. My third was applying for every vacancy I could find rather than the ones I actually matched.

The adverts all wanted three years of experience, which nobody leaving university has. What I eventually understood is that the list in an advert is a wish, not a rule, and that the honest thing to do is name the skills you really have and be straightforward about the ones you do not. My qualifications were never the problem. My confidence was.

The job I got was one I nearly did not apply for. It was part-time and temporary – six months, covering somebody on leave – and I remember thinking it was not worth the effort of a new letter.

There were six candidates at the interview and I was the youngest by some distance. They asked me why I wanted it and I said, truthfully, that I wanted to find out whether I was any good at it. Afterwards they telephoned my old manager from a summer job, who gave me a reference that I have never been allowed to read and have always suspected was better than I deserved.

I started on a Monday. For the first two months I worked the early shift and understood approximately nothing. At six months they made it permanent, at eighteen months I got a small promotion, and it turned into a full-time job I stayed in for four years.

When I finally left I had to give a month’s notice, and I spent most of it training the person replacing me. Nobody in that office has ever been fired and almost nobody ever resigns angrily, which I did not appreciate until I worked somewhere else.

Forty-one applications for one job. If you are somewhere in the middle of your own forty-one right now: that ratio is normal, and nobody tells you.

Tutor tip

Experience is uncountable when it means work. This is the single most common mistake in job applications written by learners:

I have three years of experience.    ✗ I have three years of experiences.
I have a lot of experience in sales.    ✗ many experiences in sales

It is only countable when it means an event that happened to you: Living in Cairo was an amazing experience. Different meaning, different grammar.

Apply always takes for: apply for a job, apply for a visa, apply to a company. Never apply a job.

Resign or be fired? The difference matters enormously and learners mix them up:

resign = you decide to leave (also quit, informally)
be fired / be sacked = the company makes you leave because of something you did
be made redundant = the company removes the job itself, and it is nobody’s fault

And resign has a silent g: say ri-ZINE. The noun, resignation, does pronounce it.

Two pairs to keep straight: full-time / part-time is about hours. Permanent / temporary is about how long the job lasts. A job can easily be full-time and temporary, or part-time and permanent.

British and American: CV / résumé · covering letter / cover letter · vacancy / opening.

Quick recap

Before: vacancy, apply for, application, CV, covering letter.
What they want: experience, qualification, skill, reference.
The process: candidate, interview.
The job itself: full-time, part-time, permanent, temporary, shift.
Leaving: notice, promotion, resign, fired, unemployed.

Write the opening two sentences of a covering letter for a job you would actually like. Name the vacancy, and say what experience and skills you bring – with experience in the singular.

Now practise with the questions below.

Check your understanding

Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.

1.Which sentence is correct?
Experience meaning <em>work history</em> is uncountable.
2.When IS <em>experience</em> countable?
<em>Living abroad was an amazing experience</em> - a different meaning.
3.Which sentence is correct?
apply FOR a job, apply TO a company.
4.You decide to leave your job. You ___.
Resign is your choice.
5.The company removes your job because it no longer exists. You ___.
Made redundant - nobody did anything wrong.
6.How do you say <strong>resign</strong>?
The g is silent: ri-ZINE.
7.A job that is available is a ___.
A vacancy (American: an opening).
8.A statement from a previous employer about you is a ___.
A reference.
9.What do Americans call a <strong>CV</strong>?
A résumé.
10.<em>Full-time</em> and <em>part-time</em> describe ___.
Hours. Permanent/temporary is about how long it lasts.
11.A job with no end date is ___.
Permanent.
12.A move to a more important job in the same company is a ___.
A promotion.
13.The warning period before you leave a job is your ___.
Your notice - <em>give one month’s notice</em>.
14.A person who has applied for a job is a ___.
A candidate (or an applicant).
15.Which pair of adjectives could describe the SAME job?
Hours and duration are separate: a job can be full-time and temporary.

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