B1 (Intermediate)

At B1 you go beyond the basics of a/an/the and learn when to use no article (the “zero article”) and how the works with general vs specific meaning.

These three look similar but mean very different things. The key is what comes after, and whether you mean a past habit or being familiar/comfortable with something.

Embedded (indirect) questions are questions inside a longer sentence or another question. They are more polite, and the word order changes back to normal sentence order (subject + verb).

These words add emphasis or talk about degree. so and such make things stronger; too means more than you want; enough means the right amount.

Quantifiers tell us how much or how many. The choice depends on whether the noun is countable (books, people) or uncountable (water, time, money).

We use both, either and neither to talk about two people or things. The trick is the verb: both is plural, neither is usually singular, and either is singular.

The Future Continuous describes an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. Form: will be + verb-ing.

Relative clauses add information about a noun using who, which, that, whose, where, when. At B1 you learn two kinds: defining (essential information, no commas) and non-defining (extra information, with…

Past modals talk about the past with an opinion or guess. At B1 the key ones are should have (criticism/regret), shouldn’t have (a past mistake), and might have / could…

We use modal verbs to make deductions — guesses based on evidence. At B1 the key three are must (I’m sure it’s true), might/could/may (it’s possible), and can’t (I’m sure…