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A2 (Elementary)Vocabulary

The Environment and Recycling

Learn 20 A2 English words for the environment - pollution, recycle, climate change, renewable, sustainable - with a story and a quiz.

This is now one of the most common topics in every English exam at every level, and it has a vocabulary of its own. Most of it is built from words you already know, joined together – climate change, global warming, carbon footprint, single-use. Learn the 20, then read about the summer my daughter reorganised our kitchen and our lives.

20 words to learn

The 20 words

environmentnoun

/ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt/

The natural world around us: air, water, land, living things.

Almost everything we buy affects the environment.

pollutionnoun

/pəˈluːʃn/

Dirty air, water or land caused by people. Uncountable.

Air pollution in this city is worst in August.

recycleverb

/ˌriːˈsaɪkl/

To use materials again by turning them into something new.

We recycle paper, glass and metal.

reuseverb

/ˌriːˈjuːz/

To use the same thing again, without changing it.

It is better to reuse a bottle than to recycle it.

litternoun

/ˈlɪtə(r)/

Rubbish left on the ground in a public place. Uncountable.

There was litter all the way along the beach.

throw awayverb

/ˈθrəʊ əweɪ/

To put something in the bin because you do not want it.

We throw away a third of the food we buy.

packagingnoun

/ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ/

The paper and plastic around a product. Uncountable.

The packaging weighed more than the thing inside it.

single-useadjective

/ˌsɪŋɡl ˈjuːs/

Designed to be used once and then thrown away.

Single-use plastic is the easy thing to give up first.

containernoun

/kənˈteɪnə(r)/

A box, bottle or jar that holds something.

Take your own container and they will fill it.

climate changenoun

/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/

The long-term change in the world’s weather patterns.

Climate change is no longer a future problem.

global warmingnoun

/ˌɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/

The rise in the temperature of the Earth.

Global warming is one part of climate change.

renewableadjective

/rɪˈnjuːəbl/

Energy that does not run out: sun, wind, water.

Renewable energy is now cheaper than coal.

solaradjective

/ˈsəʊlə(r)/

From the sun.

Half the roofs on our street have solar panels now.

electric carnoun

/ɪˌlektrɪk ˈkɑː(r)/

A car that runs on a battery instead of petrol.

My neighbour bought an electric car and talks about nothing else.

damageverb

/ˈdæmɪdʒ/

To harm something. Also a noun, and uncountable as a noun.

Plastic in the sea damages everything in it.

protectverb

/prəˈtekt/

To keep something safe from harm.

These laws exist to protect the coast.

endangeredadjective

/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/

At risk of disappearing completely.

There are eleven endangered species in this region.

speciesnoun

/ˈspiːʃiːz/

One kind of animal or plant. Same in singular and plural.

A single species of bird has returned to the river.

carbon footprintnoun

/ˈkɑːbən fʊtprɪnt/

The amount of carbon dioxide your activities produce.

One flight can be bigger than a year of driving in your carbon footprint.

sustainableadjective

/səˈsteɪnəbl/

Able to continue for a long time without damaging the planet.

A sustainable habit is one you can keep for ten years.

Now read the story

Story · all 20 words

My Daughter Reorganised the Kitchen

My daughter came home from school in April with a project about the environment and, within a fortnight, had completely reorganised the way this family lives. She was eleven.

She began by counting. For one week she wrote down every single thing we decided to throw away. At the end of it she presented her findings to us at the table like somebody delivering bad news to a company: four bin bags for three people, of which she calculated slightly more than half could have been avoided.

The biggest single thing was packaging. Vegetables in plastic trays wrapped in more plastic. A box containing a smaller box containing four biscuits. She held up a container that had held two hundred grams of tomatoes and weighed almost as much as the tomatoes had.

So we changed things, and I want to be honest about which changes lasted. We now recycle properly rather than optimistically, which mostly meant learning what our council actually takes. We stopped buying single-use water bottles and bought four metal ones, and we reuse jars for everything, so that our cupboard now looks like a small museum.

The things that did not last were the difficult ones. We tried taking our own containers to the market, and did it twice. My wife still drives to work because the bus takes ninety minutes and she does not have ninety minutes.

My daughter was not impressed by any of this. She had learned at school that individual behaviour is a small part of the problem, and she told me so, in the tone of somebody who has recently discovered that adults are not in charge of anything. She is right, of course, and I still think the metal bottles matter.

What she really changed was how we talk. Climate change was not a subject in this house before that April. Now my father argues about renewable energy at dinner, my brother has strong opinions about whether an electric car is really better, and my mother – who has never thrown a piece of litter in her life and who reuses everything out of habit rather than principle – has been quietly doing all of this since 1974 and is enjoying being right.

Our neighbour put solar panels on his roof in June and has told every single person on the street exactly how much they save.

The part that stayed with me was a page in her project about a species of bird that used to nest along our river and is now endangered. She had drawn it herself. She wrote that pollution in the water had damaged the insects it eats, and that a group in the next town is trying to protect what is left.

She is thirteen now and she volunteers there on Saturday mornings. My carbon footprint is smaller than it was, my kitchen is full of jars, and none of that is the point. The point is that somebody in this family decided that global warming was a thing you could do something about rather than a thing you watched on television, and it turned out to be catching.

A sustainable habit, she told me last week, is one you can still be doing in ten years. She read that somewhere. I have not stopped thinking about it.

Tutor tip

Most of this vocabulary is two words joined together, which means you can often work out the meaning:

climate + changeclimate change
global + warmingglobal warming
carbon + footprintcarbon footprint (the mark you leave behind)
single + usesingle-use (used once)
re + cyclerecycle, re + usereuse

That prefix re- means again and it works everywhere: rewrite, rebuild, reread, rethink.

Uncountable in this topic: pollution, litter, packaging, rubbish, damage, energy, plastic. None of them take a plural:

There was a lot of litter.   ✗ There were many litters.
The storm caused serious damage.   ✗ serious damages

Species does not change: one species, two species. Never a specie – that word means coins.

Recycle or reuse? To reuse is to use the same object again as it is – refilling a bottle. To recycle is to break the material down and make something new from it. Reusing is better, because recycling itself uses energy.

Litter or rubbish? Rubbish is what you throw away; litter is rubbish that somebody has dropped in a public place. So you take out the rubbish, but you drop litter.

Quick recap

The problem: pollution, litter, packaging, single-use, throw away, damage, climate change, global warming.
The response: recycle, reuse, container, protect, sustainable.
The energy: renewable, solar, electric car, carbon footprint.
The natural world: environment, species, endangered.

Answer the exam question in five sentences: what environmental problem worries you most, one thing your family does, one thing you have tried and stopped doing, one thing governments should do, and whether you think small changes matter.

Now practise with the questions below.

Check your understanding

Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.

1.Which sentence is correct?
Litter is uncountable.
2.What is the difference between <strong>reuse</strong> and <strong>recycle</strong>?
Reusing is better, because recycling itself uses energy.
3.What is the plural of <strong>species</strong>?
It does not change. (<em>Specie</em> means coins.)
4.Rubbish that somebody has dropped in a public place is ___.
Litter. You take out the rubbish; you drop litter.
5.What does the prefix <strong>re-</strong> mean?
Again: recycle, reuse, rewrite, rebuild.
6.Designed to be used once and then thrown away is ___.
Single-use.
7.Energy that does not run out - sun, wind, water - is ___.
Renewable. Solar is one kind of renewable energy.
8.At risk of disappearing completely means ___.
Endangered. Careful - <em>dangerous</em> means it can hurt you.
9.The amount of carbon dioxide your activities produce is your ___.
Your carbon footprint.
10.Which sentence is correct?
Damage is uncountable as a noun.
11.The paper and plastic around a product is the ___.
The packaging - uncountable.
12.Able to continue for a long time without damaging the planet means ___.
Sustainable.
13.To keep something safe from harm is to ___ it.
Protect.
14.<strong>Global warming</strong> is ___.
Warming is the rise in temperature; climate change is the wider set of effects.
15.Dirty air, water or land caused by people is ___.
Pollution - and it is uncountable.

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