Health, Fitness and Diet
Learn 20 A2 English words for health, fitness and diet - lose weight, work out, cut down on, junk food, in shape - with a story and a quiz.
This topic comes up in every speaking exam and every January. The vocabulary is easy; the traps are two phrasal verbs that take different grammar (give up and cut down on), one word that means two different things (diet), and a spelling almost everybody gets wrong at least once (lose, not loose). Learn the 20 words, then read about the year I joined a gym on the second of January, like everybody else.
20 words to learn
The 20 words
/ˈdaɪət/
Two meanings: what you normally eat, and a plan to lose weight.
A healthy diet matters more than the gym.
/luːz ˈweɪt/
To become lighter. Note the spelling: lose, not loose.
He wants to lose weight before the wedding.
/pʊt ɒn ˈweɪt/
To become heavier. Americans often say gain weight.
I put on weight slowly for six years without noticing.
/wɜːk ˈaʊt/
To exercise, usually in a gym.
I work out twice a week now.
/dʒɒɡ/
To run slowly for exercise.
I started to jog twice a week, in the dark.
/stretʃ/
To make your arms, legs or back long and straight before exercise.
Always stretch before you run.
/ˈmʌsl/
The parts of your body that make it move. The c is silent: MUSS-el.
Every muscle in my back hurt for four days.
/ˈenədʒi/
The power you have to do things. Uncountable.
I have much more energy than I did.
/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
Extremely tired. Much stronger than tired.
I was exhausted by four in the afternoon.
/ɡɪv ˈʌp/
To stop doing something completely. Followed by -ing.
He decided to give up smoking in January.
/kʌt ˈdaʊn ɒn/
To do or eat less of something, not stop completely.
I need to cut down on sugar.
/ˈhæbɪt/
Something you do regularly, often without thinking.
Change one habit a month, not ten at once.
/fæt/
The oily substance in food. Also an adjective for people.
There is far less fat in what I eat now.
/ˈvɪtəmɪn/
A substance in food that your body needs. British: VIT-a-min.
Vegetables are full of vitamins.
/ˈbælənst/
With the right amount of everything.
A balanced week can carry one bad evening.
/ˈdʒʌŋk fuːd/
Food with a lot of fat, salt or sugar and little goodness.
I still eat junk food on Fridays.
/ˈfɪzi drɪŋk/
A sweet drink with bubbles. Americans say soda.
I was drinking three fizzy drinks a day.
/briːð/
To take air in and out. The noun is breath, said differently.
Learn how to breathe – it matters more than you think.
/ˈɪndʒəri/
Damage to your body from an accident or too much exercise.
Most people get an injury in the first fortnight.
/ɪn ˈʃeɪp/
Fit and healthy. The opposite is out of shape.
This is the year he gets in shape, apparently.
Now read the story
Story · all 20 words
The Second of January
Every January my brother-in-law announces that this is the year he finally gets in shape. He has now announced it eleven times. I say nothing at all, because two years ago I did exactly the same thing, and I did it worse.
My version began in a doctor’s room. Nothing dramatic happened – she simply observed that my diet was the diet of a nineteen-year-old and that I was thirty-four, and that I had put on weight steadily for six years without once noticing. She said it kindly, which somehow made it considerably worse.
So I did what everybody does. I joined a gym on the second of January and went four times in the first week. I did not stretch at all, I lifted things that were far too heavy for me, and by the Friday I could not lift a kettle. Every single muscle in my back wrote to me personally to confirm that it existed. This is precisely how most people collect an injury in the first fortnight and then give up in the third.
What actually worked, when I finally found it, was much less interesting. I stopped trying to lose weight quickly and started trying to change one habit a month.
In February I began to cut down on fizzy drinks, which I had been drinking at a rate of about three a day without ever deciding to. In March I started to jog twice a week – badly, slowly, and in the dark, where nobody I knew could see me. In April I learned to cook four things properly, which did more for my diet than every list of rules I had ever read.
I did not stop eating junk food. I still eat it on Fridays and I enjoy every mouthful. But a balanced week carries one bad evening without any difficulty, and the food I eat for the rest of it now contains actual vitamins and a great deal less fat than it used to.
The change I genuinely did not expect was energy. I had assumed I was permanently exhausted because I was in my thirties and had a job and that is simply what happens. It turned out I was exhausted because I slept badly, ate badly and never moved. Now I work out twice a week, not hard, and I sleep like a man who has done something with his day.
The other thing nobody warns you about: learn how to breathe. A trainer spent an entire session on it and I spent the whole hour convinced he was wasting my money. He was not.
I am not in shape. I am simply less out of it than I was. But I can now run for a bus without arriving at work in a condition that requires an explanation, and that, honestly, was the entire ambition.
Lose or loose? They are different words and this mistake is everywhere:
lose /luːz/ – a verb: lose weight, lose your keys, lose a match
loose /luːs/ – an adjective: loose trousers, a loose tooth
One o for the verb. Two os for the adjective.
Give up or cut down on? Different meanings and different grammar:
give up = stop completely, and it takes -ing: She gave up smoking.
cut down on = do less of it, and it takes a noun: I cut down on sugar.
So give up to smoke and cut down on eat sugar are both wrong.
Diet has two meanings and the article tells you which:
a healthy diet = what you normally eat
She is on a diet = she is trying to lose weight
Breathe or breath? The verb is breathe /briːð/, with an e at the end and a long vowel. The noun is breath /breθ/, short and hard: take a deep breath, but breathe deeply.
Uncountable here: energy, fat, junk food and exercise take no plural. Say a lot of energy, do some exercise – never energies or an exercise when you mean physical activity.
Silent letter: the c in muscle is silent – MUSS-el.
Weight: diet, lose weight, put on weight, in shape.
Exercise: work out, jog, stretch, muscle, injury, breathe.
Food: junk food, fizzy drink, fat, vitamin, balanced.
Change: habit, give up + -ing, cut down on + noun.
How you feel: energy, exhausted.
Answer honestly in four sentences: one habit you would like to give up, one thing you should cut down on, one exercise you actually enjoy, and one thing that gives you energy.
Now practise with the questions below.
Check your understanding
Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.
Want feedback from a real tutor on your reading, writing and speaking?
Book a Free Consultation