Society, Community and Helping Others
Learn 20 B1 English words for society and volunteering - charity, donate, campaign, petition, poverty, generous, give back - with a story and quiz.
Cambridge speaking papers ask about your community constantly, and most candidates answer with help and poor people and run out. This lesson gives you the twenty words that let you say something specific instead – volunteer, donate, campaign, petition, poverty, make a difference. It also warns you about sympathetic, which does not mean what it means in most other European languages, and reminds you that take part in and take place are completely different phrases. Then: a library on Fletcher Road.
20 words to learn
The 20 words
/ˈtʃærəti/
An organisation that helps people. Also: the act of giving.
It is run by a small local charity.
/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/
To offer to do something without being paid.
Nine people volunteered in the first week.
/dəʊˈneɪt/
To give money or goods to an organisation.
People donate books they have not read.
/ˈfʌndreɪzɪŋ/
Collecting money for a cause.
The fundraising took eleven months.
/ˈfuːd bæŋk/
A place giving free food to people who cannot afford it.
There was no food bank in that town in 2005.
/teɪk ˈpɑːt ɪn/
To be one of the people doing an activity.
Four hundred people took part in it.
/ɡet ɪnˈvɒlvd ɪn/
To begin taking part in something regularly.
I did not plan to get involved in any of it.
/kæmˈpeɪn/
An organised series of actions to achieve something.
The campaign lasted fourteen months.
/pəˈtɪʃn/
A signed document asking those in power to act.
The petition reached nine thousand names.
/prəˈtest/
To show publicly that you disagree. Noun: PRO-test.
We protested outside the council offices.
/səˈpɔːt/
To help, agree with, or give money to a cause.
Two councillors supported us from the start.
/ˈpɒvəti/
The state of being very poor. Uncountable.
Poverty is not only about money.
/ˈhəʊmləs/
Having nowhere to live.
Two homeless men used the reading room daily.
/ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/
An unfair difference between groups of people.
The inequality shows up in which services close.
/dɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/
Treating a group unfairly because of who they are.
Discrimination is rarely announced in advance.
/ˈdʒenərəs/
Willing to give more than is expected.
People are more generous than the news suggests.
/ˈselfɪʃ/
Caring only about yourself.
I was not selfish exactly. I was busy.
/ˈləʊnlinəs/
The unhappy feeling of being alone. Uncountable.
Loneliness was what that building actually treated.
/meɪk ə ˈdɪfrəns/
To have a real effect on a situation.
Two hours a week does make a difference.
/ɡɪv ˈbæk/
To do something for others in return for your good fortune.
Everybody says they want to give back eventually.
Now read the story
Story · all 20 words
The Library on Fletcher Road
The library on Fletcher Road was a single-storey building from 1968 with a flat roof that leaked, and in 2011 the council announced it would close in the spring.
I had lived four streets away for six years and had been inside it twice.
I want to be honest about that, because the story people tell afterwards is always that they loved the place. I did not. I had a job and a young child and I bought books online like everybody else, and if you had asked me in January whether that building mattered I would have said something vague and moved on. I was not selfish exactly. I was busy, which is the respectable version.
What changed my mind was a woman called Dot, who was seventy-eight and who stopped me outside the shop with a clipboard and a petition, and who did not ask me to sign it. She asked me whether I knew what the building was used for on Tuesdays.
I did not.
On Tuesdays it was a warm room from ten until two, with tea, for anybody who came. On Wednesdays it was a job club, run by a charity with one part-time worker. Two men who were homeless used the reading room every single day for the heat and were never once asked to leave, which was a decision somebody had made deliberately and never written down anywhere.
And it was the only building within a mile with a public toilet, a socket you could charge a phone in, and a person behind a desk who would help you fill in a form.
None of that appears in a report about book lending figures.
So I signed, and then I made the mistake of going to one meeting, which is how you get involved in anything – never a decision, always one meeting.
The campaign ran for fourteen months. About nine of us did most of it and perhaps two hundred people would take part in something at some point. We collected nine thousand signatures in a town of thirty-one thousand. We protested outside the council offices twice, in the rain, which achieved nothing except a photograph that turned out to matter later.
We did fundraising that I found genuinely humiliating – a quiz night, a stall, a man who donated a bicycle – and I have never been so wrong about anything, because people were absurdly generous and the stall took four hundred pounds in an afternoon.
Two councillors supported us from the beginning and one of them lost her seat partly because of it.
We won, in the end, and I want to be careful about that word. The library did not stay open as a library. It reopened after nineteen months as a community building with reduced hours, staffed mainly by volunteers, with a small council grant and a lease we have to renew every three years. Dot did not see it reopen. She died in the February before.
It has a food bank now, on Thursdays, which nobody in 2011 imagined would be necessary and which is now the busiest thing in the building.
What the campaign taught me was not about poverty in the way I expected. It was about loneliness. The Tuesday room was never really about tea. Some people had not spoken aloud to another human being since the previous Tuesday, and the building was the only place they could go where nobody was selling them anything and nobody asked why they had come.
The inequality I had not understood is this: nothing closes in the wealthy part of town, because those residents write letters that get answered. That is not discrimination anybody has to organise. It happens by itself, quietly, in the direction of whoever complains most effectively.
I still volunteer there on alternate Thursdays. Fourteen years.
People talk about wanting to give back, usually at some future point when things are calmer. Things are never calmer. And two hours a fortnight does make a difference, but not the difference I expected – mostly it has changed who I know, which turns out to be the actual point of a town.
This topic is where A2 answers say help poor people and stop. Here is the vocabulary that gives you something to say.
| I work there without being paid. | I volunteer there. |
| People give money to the organisation. | People donate to it. |
| collecting money for a cause | fundraising |
| a paper lots of people sign to ask for change | a petition |
| an organised series of actions to change something | a campaign |
| I was one of the people who did it. | I took part in it. |
| I started doing it regularly. | I got involved in it. |
| the state of being very poor | poverty |
| He gives more than people expect. | He is very generous. |
| It really changes the situation. | It makes a difference. |
Take part in is not take place. These two look almost identical and mean completely different things – you met take place in lesson 266:
take part in = to be one of the people doing something. A person does it.
Four hundred people took part in the march.
take place = to happen. An event does it.
The march took place on Saturday.
✗ I took place in the campaign. ✗ The meeting took part on Tuesday.
The formal alternative to take part in is participate in – same meaning, same preposition, more suitable for writing.
Sympathetic is a false friend. In English, sympathetic means showing that you understand somebody’s suffering. It does NOT mean friendly, likeable or pleasant, which is what the similar word means in French, Spanish, German and Italian:
✗ My new colleague is very sympathetic. (This says she was kind about your misfortune.)
✓ My new colleague is very nice / friendly / likeable.
Charity works two ways. A charity is a countable organisation: she works for a charity, three charities. But charity meaning the act of giving is uncountable: they live on charity.
Poverty, loneliness, inequality and discrimination are all uncountable. No a, no plural: there is a lot of poverty, never a poverty or povertys.
People is already plural. People are, never peoples are in this sense – peoples only means different ethnic groups or nations. And the singular is person: one person, two people.
Society takes no article when you mean people in general: a problem for society, not for the society. Use the only for a specific organisation: the Royal Society.
Stress moves on protest, like record and refund: the verb is proTEST and the noun is PROtest.
Organisations: charity, food bank, fundraising.
What you do: volunteer, donate, take part in, get involved in, support, give back, make a difference.
Changing things: campaign, petition, protest.
The problems: poverty, homeless, inequality, discrimination, loneliness.
People: generous, selfish.
The traps: people take part in events; events take place. Sympathetic does not mean friendly. Poverty, loneliness and society take no article or plural.
Exam task: describe something in your area you would campaign to save. Use get involved in, take part in and make a difference, each correctly.
Now practise with the questions below.
Check your understanding
Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.
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