Media, News and Information
Learn 20 B1 English words for news and media - headline, coverage, source, biased, misleading, evidence, claim - plus say vs tell and according to.
Talking about the news needs words for judging it, not just reporting it: reliable, biased, accurate, misleading, evidence, source. Those are exactly the words Cambridge reading and listening papers are built from. The tutor tip settles say and tell, which are different verbs with different grammar, and the phrase according to, which you must never use about yourself. Twenty words, then two years on a local newspaper and one story I wish I had never written.
20 words to learn
The 20 words
/ðə ˈmiːdiə/
Newspapers, television, radio and websites together.
The media lost interest within a week.
/ˈhedlaɪn/
The title of a news story, in large letters.
The headline was not written by the journalist.
/ˈɑːtɪkl/
A piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine.
My article was four hundred words.
/ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/
Somebody who writes or reports news.
Most journalists I know are underpaid and careful.
/ˈedɪtə(r)/
The person who decides what is published and how.
The editor changed one word and changed everything.
/ˈtæblɔɪd/
A small-format popular newspaper. Often means sensational.
A tabloid picked it up on the Thursday.
/ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/
The amount and kind of reporting given to a subject.
The coverage was completely out of proportion.
/ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/
To send out on television or radio. Past: broadcast.
It was broadcast on the regional news at six.
/sɔːs/
A person or document that information comes from.
I had one source and I should have had three.
/rɪˈlaɪəbl/
That you can trust to be correct.
She was the only reliable person in the story.
/ˈbaɪəst/
Unfairly supporting one side. Biased against or towards.
Everybody thinks the other side is biased.
/ˈækjərət/
Correct in every detail.
Every sentence was accurate and the whole thing was false.
/ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋ/
Giving a wrong impression without actually lying.
The photograph was misleading rather than fake.
/ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/
To make something sound bigger or worse than it is.
Nobody had to exaggerate. They just chose the words.
/ˈruːmə(r)/
A story people repeat that may not be true. American: rumor.
The rumour was round the town by lunchtime.
/ˈevɪdəns/
Facts that show something is true. Uncountable.
There was no evidence for any of it.
/kleɪm/
To say something is true without proving it.
He claimed he had been misquoted.
/pɔɪnt ˈaʊt/
To draw attention to a fact somebody has missed.
Somebody should have pointed out the obvious.
/lʊk ˈɪntə/
To investigate something.
It took nine days to look into properly.
/səbˈskraɪb tə/
To pay regularly to receive a publication or service.
I still subscribe to the local paper.
Now read the story
Story · all 20 words
The Story That Got Away
I worked on a weekly local newspaper for two years in my early twenties. Circulation eleven thousand, staff of five, offices above a carpet showroom.
It was the best training anybody could have, because on a paper that size you write everything – inquests, planning applications, a man who had grown a very large marrow – and you meet every single person you write about, in the street, the following Tuesday.
That last part is the entire discipline of local journalism. National journalists do not have to buy milk from the people in their stories.
The one I got wrong was about a primary school.
A parent came to us claiming that the school had quietly stopped providing hot meals for children on free school meals, and was giving them sandwiches while everybody else got a cooked lunch. She was upset, specific and completely convincing, and she was, it turned out much later, describing three days during a kitchen breakdown.
I had one source. I should have had three. I was twenty-three and I wanted the story to be true, which is the most dangerous thing a reporter can want.
I did ring the school. The head was on leave and the deputy said she could not comment, which I wrote up as “the school declined to comment”, and that sentence is technically accurate and profoundly misleading, and I knew it at the time in a way I did not admit to myself for about six years.
My article was careful. It said parents claim. It did not exaggerate a single fact.
The editor wrote the headline, which is how it works everywhere, and the headline said SCHOOL ‘SHAMES’ POOREST PUPILS. Nobody had used the word shame. It was in quotation marks, which is the oldest trick in the trade, and it was on the front page.
A regional television programme broadcast a piece on the Wednesday. A national tabloid picked it up on the Thursday and by then it had a photograph of the school gates in the rain, which was misleading in a way I could not have explained but which everybody understood perfectly.
The coverage lasted about nine days. The media moved on to something else entirely. The rumour lasted three years.
The council did eventually look into it and published a finding that no child had been treated differently and that the kitchen had been broken for seventy-two hours in February. That was reported, accurately, in about two hundred words, on page eleven.
There was no evidence for the story and there had never been any evidence, and I had produced eleven column inches without any.
What I have thought about ever since is that nobody in the chain lied. The parent believed it. I quoted her fairly. The editor wrote a headline that was defensible. The tabloid reprinted what we had published. Every individual link was reliable enough to survive a complaint, and the finished thing was false.
The deputy head who could not comment took early retirement that summer. I have no idea whether those two facts are connected and I have never had the courage to find out.
I do not think the paper was biased against that school. I think it was biased towards a good Thursday, which is a different thing and probably worse, because nobody has to decide to do it.
A colleague pointed out something to me at the time that I did not want to hear, which was that I would never have run it about a private school, because a private school would have had a lawyer by Tuesday.
I left journalism at twenty-six for reasons that had nothing to do with any of this. I still subscribe to that paper, which now has two members of staff and comes out fortnightly.
And I have never since believed a single thing I have read about a school, a hospital or a court case on the strength of one source, which is either wisdom or damage, and after twenty years I still cannot tell which.
Judging information is a B1 skill, not just a vocabulary set. These are the words that let you do it.
| You can trust it to be correct. | It is reliable. |
| It unfairly supports one side. | It is biased. |
| Every detail is correct. | It is accurate. |
| It gives a wrong impression without lying. | It is misleading. |
| He made it sound worse than it was. | He exaggerated. |
| He said it was true but proved nothing. | He claimed it. |
| facts that show something is true | evidence |
| where the information came from | the source |
| They investigated it. | They looked into it. |
| She mentioned a fact we had missed. | She pointed out that… |
Say and tell are not the same verb. The difference is what comes immediately next:
TELL needs a person straight after it: She told me the news.
SAY does not take a person directly – if you need one, add to: She said it was true. / She said to me that it was true.
✗ She said me the news. ✗ She told that it was true.
✓ She told me the news. ✓ She said that it was true.
Fixed phrases with tell: tell the truth, tell a lie, tell a story, tell the time, tell the difference.
Speak and talk are about the activity, not the message. You speak a language, you talk to somebody about something. On the phone: Can I speak to Maria?
Never say “according to me”. This one appears in thousands of B1 exam essays and it is always wrong. According to introduces somebody else’s information:
✓ According to the report, prices rose.
✗ According to me, prices rose.
✓ In my opinion / I think / Personally, prices rose.
Evidence is uncountable – never an evidence or evidences. Say some evidence, a piece of evidence, strong evidence. The countable words are a fact and a proof is also uncountable in this sense.
Media is plural. It comes from medium. Careful writing uses the media are, though the media is is now very common in speech and is not penalised. A medium means one channel – television is a medium; television, radio and print together are the media.
Spelling: British English writes rumour, humour and behaviour. And note biased has one s.
The industry: the media, headline, article, journalist, editor, tabloid, coverage, broadcast.
Judging it: source, reliable, biased, accurate, misleading, exaggerate, evidence.
Verbs: claim, point out, look into, subscribe to.
Careful with: rumour.
The rules: tell takes a person, say does not. Never according to me. Evidence has no plural.
Exam task: describe a news story you did not believe. Say why the source was not reliable, and use claim and evidence once each.
Now practise with the questions below.
Check your understanding
Answer the questions below. You will see instantly if you are right.
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